Encyclopedia of American immigration

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PART I: IMMIGRATION HISTORY

Prehistory to 1800: Native Americans, Early Spanish settlers, Puritans and other religious dissenters, Indentured servants, Free immigration, Slave trade, Immigrants and the American Revolution

1800 to 1880s: Early Nineteenth century immigration, The great Irish immigration, Germans and other political refugees, Nativism and Know-Nothings, Chinese and Chinese Exclusion Act, Immigrants and the Civil War, Immigrants and westward expansion

1880s to 1920: Causes of immigration, Immigration stations, Living conditions, Economics and labor, Culture and assimilation

1920-1965: Nativist reaction, Immigrants and the red scare, Restrictive legislation, War refugees, Japanese internment, The surge of Latino immigration

1965 to the present: Changes in the law, Southeast Asian refugee crisis, Increase in immigrants from the developing world, Collapse of Communism, Immigration legislation of the 1980s and 1990s, Immigrant/minority relations, Anti-immigrant backlash

PART II: IMMIGRATION ISSUES

Causes: Americaʼs image in the global imagination, Chain migration, Economics I: pull factors, Economics II: push factors, Natural disasters, environmental crises and over population, Political, ethnic, religious and gender persecution, Wars and civil unrest. Processes: Adoption, American emigration abroad, Coast Guard and coastlines, connections to homeland, Human smuggling and the business of illegal immigration, Immigrant aid societies and organizations, The Immigration and Naturalization Service, Legal and illegal immigration: a statistical overview, Marriage market, Sponsorship, Transit and transportation of recent illegal immigrants, Transnationalism: immigration from a global perspective

Demographics: Fertility, Immigrants and the census, Return migration, Settlement patterns

Immigrant incorporation and acculturation: Children and adolescent immigrants, Elderly, Ethnic intermarriage, Family, Gay and lesbian immigration, Gender, Segmented assimilation

Law and legislation: Amnesty, Civil rights, Immigration and crime, Legislation I-Immigration, Legislation II-Immigrants in America, State, county and municipal legislation

Politics: Anti-immigrant politics, Immigrant politics I-Activism, Immigrant politics II-Electoral politics, Immigrant politics III-The home country, Public opinion and immigration

Economics: The economic debate over immigration, Entrepreneurs, Housing, Impact of immigration on the American economy, Impact on the Home country economy, Income and wealth, Poverty

Labor: Agriculture, Labor markets for recent immigrants-a statistical portrait, Professionals and the brain drain, Service sector, sweatshops and factories, Underground economy, Unions and union organizing

Health, education and welfare: health care, Higher education, Immigrants and health, Mental health, Public schools, Social services, Welfare and public benefits. Culture and society: Arts I-Literature, Arts II-Performing arts, Arts III-Visual and religious arts, English as a second language, Film, radio and television, foreign and immigrant influence on American popular culture, Genealogy-searching for roots, Language, Media portrayal of immigrants, Press, Science, Sports

Religion: Alternative faiths, Buddhism, Catholicism, Evangelical Christianity, Hinduism and Sikhism, Islam, Judaism

Destinations: Houston, Los Angeles, Mex-America, Miami, New Jersey and suburban America, New York City, Rural America, San Francisco, Washington, D.C., International perspectives: Global economy and immigration, International law and immigration, International politics and immigration, Immigration to Australia, Immigration to Canada, Immigration to Israel, Immigration to Japan, Immigration to Western Europe

PART III: IMMIGRANT GROUPS IN AMERICA

Africa: East Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa

The Americas: Andean countries, Brazil and the Southern Cone, Canada, Central America, Cuba, Dominican Republic, English speaking Caribbean, Haiti and French speaking Caribbean, Mexico, Puerto Rico

Asia, the Pacific and the Middle East: China, Iran, Japan, Korea, Middle East

Oceania, Philippines, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Taiwan and Hong Kong, Europe: Eastern Europe, Former Soviet Union, Great Britain, Ireland, Western and Southern Europe

PART IV: IMMIGRATION DOCUMENTS

A. Legal Documents. Laws and Treaties: U.S. constitution: article I, section 8, clause 4, 1787, An Act to Establish a Uniform Rule of Naturalization 1790, Alien Act 1798, Manifest of Immigrants Act 1819 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848, Page Act, 1875, Angell Treaty 1881, Chinese Exclusion Act 1882, Contract Labor Act (Foran Act) 1885, Scott Act 1888, Act Banning Naturalization of Anarchists 1903, White Slave Traffic Act (Mann Act) 1910, Immigration Act 1917, Puerto Rico citizenship Act 1917, Quota Act of 1921, Quota Act of 1924, Act Conferring United States Citizenship on Native Americans 1924, Repeal of Chinese Exclusion Acts 1943, Bracero Program Act 1949, Immigration and nationality Act (McCarran Walter Act) 1952, Immigration and Nationality Act 1965, Californiaʼs Farm Labor Law 1975, Refugee Act of 1980, Immigration Reform and Control Act 1986, Immigration Act of 1990, Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act 1996, Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act 1996, Amerasian Children Act 1997

B. Executive Orders, Directives and Statements: Gentlemenʼs Agreement 1907, President Rooseveltʼs Executive Order 9066 (Japanese Internment) 1942, President Trumanʼs Directive on European Refugees 1945, Whom We Shall Welcome 1953, President Carterʼs Announcement on the Marielitos 1980, President Reaganʼs Statement on Signing Immigration Bill 1986, President Bush and Courts on Return of Haitian Refugees 1992

C. Supreme Court Cases: United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind 1923, Hirabayashi v. United States 1943, Lau v. Nichols 1974, Plyler v. Doe 1982, District Court on Admissions of Haitians 1993, LULAC et al. v. Wilson et al. 1995. D. Referenda: California Proposition 63, 1986; California Proposition187, 1994; California Proposition 227, 1998

Political platforms, debates and government reports and rulings: Immigration planks of Republican Party platforms 1860-1996, Immigration planks of Democratic Party platforms 1856-1996, Senate Report on the Encouragement of Immigration 1864, Report of the Minnesota Board of Immigration 1871, Value of an Immigrant1871, Reparations for Japanese-American Internees 1988, New York State Report on Multicultural Textbooks 1991, U.S. Report Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1994, Report by U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform 1994, New U.S. Rules on Asylum for Women 1995, Title IV: Restricting Welfare and Public Benefits for Aliens 1996, Report on the Shortage of Technology Workers 1997, Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis Among Foreign Born Persons 1998, Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship 1998

Nongovernmental Documents: A. Historical Articles: Look before you Leap, 1796; History of the English Settlement in Edwards County, Illinois, 1818; Memorial of James Brown, 1819; Tour through the United States, 1819; Imminent Dangers, 1835; Stimulating Emigration from Ireland, 1837; Four Years of Irish History, 1845-1849; What does America Offer to the German Immigrant? 1853; Emigration, Emigrants and Know Nothings, 1854; Irish Response to Nativism, 1854; Emigration from the Kingdom of Wurtemburg, 1881; The Immigrant and the Community, 1917

B. Letters: Revolutionary War Correspondence of George Washington 1775-1778, Letters from an American Farmer 1782, Letters from Illinois 1818, How an Emigrant May Succeed in the United States 1818

Glossary

Bibliography

General Index

Geographical Index

Legal and Judicial Index